Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

When discussing learning transfer—the ability to apply previous knowledge, skills, and strategies to new contexts or situations—we should also be mindful of our learners’ cognitive load. Cognitive ...

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, it is important to understand how students think and learn so as to be able to teach effectively. Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, profoundly impacted ...

Brian W. Stone does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian receives funding from the Wellcome Trust, the Leverhulme Foundation and the Lundbeck Foundation. Her research is conducted within the NIHR MedTech and In vitro diagnostic Co ...